Ancient Egyptians have known different kinds of literature since ancient times. In ancient Egypt there were stories that ancient Egyptians told to entertain or to convey the substance and essence of a message or moral wisdom. Biographies were the oldest form of ancient Egyptian literature, and there are many examples of high quality, including the biography of the official Winnie, who came from his tomb chapel in Abydos.

  By the end of the Fifth Dynasty, long religious texts, were first seen in the pyramid of King Onas in Saqqara.

 There was also funerary literature, which speaks of what the deceased finds during his journey in the afterlife.

 Alexandria was a center of Greek literature in the Hellenistic era. Callimachus is considered the most prominent poet of Alexandria. The poetry of novels, epitaphs, lyric poetry and short pieces was one of the most beloved types of poetry for Alexandrians. This poetry was of a Greek character, some of which were derived from the ancient arts and others from the imaginations of contemporaries.

 The Coptic literature was greatly influenced by Greek literature, so many writers were forced to write in the Greek language spread in the world at the time and translated their writings to Coptic.

 Examples of Coptic literature include the writings of St. Anthony and St. Bachomius, and the sermons and sermons of St. Shenouda. The translation of the Bible is the most important literary production of the Copts of Egypt.

 With the spread of Islam, Islamic literature flourished, and reached its peak in the eighth century AH - 14 AD with the emergence of the school of Egyptian encyclopedias such as the author of Noueiri, “ultimate  goal in arts of literature."

 In the Fatimid period, the literary movement flourished, motivated by the Fatimid interest in libraries and books. The Fatimids were interested in poetry and rhetoric, and one of their most famous poets was "Ibn Han’ee al-Andalusy".

 During the Mamluk period, an Egyptian school was created to write encyclopedias in literary and political aspects. artistic prose and poetry flourished, as well as various literary and poetic debates. The most famous  writers in the Mamluk era writer "Ibn Abdel Zaher" formed a papyrus paper with educational principles and now known as guide books

 In the modern era, the fiction of a novel and short story flourished considerably, and the field of literature was rich in many writers and intellectuals who have gained wide international fame, and the most famous of these writers: the novelist Naguib Mahfouz, who received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1988.

 Tawfiq al-Hakim is also one of the pioneers of the Arabic novel and playwriting in the modern era, and his influence has extended to successive generations of writers and innovators and among his works: "People of the Cave", "Return of the Spirit", "Isis", "soft hands."

One of the most famous writers of the story and the novel in Egypt as well is the writer Ihsan Abdul Quddus, has presented his work in film, television and theater. His works include: "The sun does not extinguish," a man in our house "," thin thread ", empty pillow", "my father over the tree."

 The topnotch of Arabic literature, Dr. Taha Hussein, has contributed  outstandingly to the literary scene in Egypt, he kept lecturing and writing criticism, descriptions, translations, essay and story, and is the owner of a school and curriculum in criticism in particular. In his literature , he had an eye on the world literature, especially Greek and French. His books include: Al-Ayyam, Du'a Al-Karawan, Hadith Wednesday, and Al-mo’zzaboon on earth.

 Akkad is also known for writing biographies and transltions.

These were followed by successive generations of intellectuals and writers in all arts of literature in Egypt.

Egypt's literary heritage survives  through generations

Folklore: Memory and Identity of Homeland

Folklore consists of the customs and traditions of the people, and expressions of views and ideas passed down from generation to generation, a continuation of folklore such as folk tales, poems and songs, folk tales, heroic stories, legends, and includes arts and crafts, types of dance and play, songs , Children's poetic tales, mainstream proverbs and puzzles, superstitious concepts, celebrations and religious holidays.